Risk factors for recurrence after open neonatal hernia repair: A single-center, retrospective study

Table 1 Univariate analysis of patients, n (%)

Variables	Recurrence (n = 11)	Non-recurrence (n = 45)	Statistic	P value
Ages, M (Q1, Q3)	2.00 (1.00, 3.00)	3.00 (2.00, 4.00)	Z = -1.590	0.112
Gender			χ2 = 0.091	0.764
Female	3 (27.27)	17 (37.78)
Male	8 (72.73)	28 (62.22)
Parents education			-	0.880
Primary school	2 (18.18)	7 (15.56)
Middle school	2 (18.18)	13 (28.89)
High school	4 (36.36)	16 (35.56)
University	3 (27.27)	9 (20.00)
Family income			χ2 = 0.320	0.572
Low	3 (27.27)	19 (42.22)
High	8 (72.73)	26 (57.78)
Gestational age			χ2 = 2.001	0.157
< 37 weeks	6 (54.55)	12 (26.67)
≥ 37 weeks	5 (45.45)	33 (73.33)
Gestational age, M (Q1, Q3)	36 (36, 38.5)	38 (37, 39)	Z = -1.256	0.209
Hernias types			χ2 = 0.115	0.735
Inguinal hernia	9 (81.82)	32 (71.11)
Umbilical hernia	2 (18.18)	13 (28.89)
Family history			χ2 = 1.286	0.257
Yes	4 (36.36)	7 (15.56)
No	7 (63.64)	38 (84.44)
Anemia			χ2 = 3.085	0.079
Yes	5 (45.45)	7 (15.56)
No	6 (54.55)	38 (84.44)
Persistent pain			χ2 = 3.866	0.049
Yes	7 (63.64)	12 (26.67)
No	4 (36.36)	33 (73.33)
Birth weight	3.15 ± 0.78	3.66 ± 0.58	t = -2.453	0.017
WBC	9.39 ± 3.10	8.28 ± 2.64	t = 1.206	0.233
hsCRP, M (Q1, Q3)	2.40 (0.10, 4.25)	2.60 (0.10, 3.50)	Z = -0.324	0.746

WBC: White blood cell; hsCRP: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein.