Perioperative risk factors for prognosis in patients undergoing radical esophagectomy: A retrospective study

Table 3 Univariate Cox analysis of pathological characteristics for overall survival, n (%)

Pathological characteristic	n = 378	Hazard ratio	95%CI	P value
TNM stage
I or II stage	167 (44.18)	1.00	Reference	-
III or IV stage	211 (55.82)	2.85	2.15-3.78	< 0.001
Tumor location
Upper segment	72 (19.05)	1.00	Reference	-
Middle segment	198 (52.38)	0.92	0.66-1.28	0.62
Lower segment	108 (28.57)	0.88	0.61-1.27	0.50
Tumor diameter
< 3 cm	156 (41.27)	1.00	Reference	-
≥ 3 cm	222 (58.73)	1.68	1.29-2.19	< 0.001
Depth of tumor infiltration
On the muscle layer	143 (37.83)	1.00	Reference	-
Subcutaneous muscle layer	235 (62.17)	1.92	1.46-2.52	< 0.001
Histological differentiation
Well differentiated	89 (23.54)	1.00	Reference	-
Moderately differentiated	196 (51.85)	1.58	1.12-2.23	0.01
Poorly differentiated	93 (24.61)	2.42	1.67-3.51	< 0.001
Perineural invasion
No	286 (75.66)	1.00	Reference	-
Yes	92 (24.34)	1.75	1.33-2.30	< 0.001
Tumor thrombus
No	301 (79.63)	1.00	Reference	-
Yes	77 (20.37)	1.89	1.42-2.52	< 0.001
Lymph node metastasis
No	184 (48.68)	1.00	Reference	-
Yes	194 (51.32)	2.32	1.77-3.04	< 0.001

CI: Confidence interval; TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis.