Personalized nutritional care for immune function recovery in postoperative gastrointestinal surgery patients: An observational study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants, mean ± SD or n (%)

Characteristic	Value
Age (years)	62.5 ± 11.3
Gender (M/F)	45/35
BMI (kg/m²)	24.3 ± 3.8
Type of surgery (%)
Colectomy	30 (37.5)
Gastrectomy	25 (31.25)
Pancreaticoduodenectomy	15 (18.75)
Other	10 (12.5)
Preoperative SGA score (%)
A (well-nourished)	50 (62.5)
B (mild-moderate malnutrition)	25 (31.25)
C (severe malnutrition)	5 (6.25)
Comorbidities (%)
Hypertension	35 (43.75)
Diabetes mellitus	20 (25)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	10 (12.5)
ASA score (%)
I	10 (12.5)
II	45 (56.25)
III	25 (31.25)

BMI: Body mass index; SGA: Subjective global assessment; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists.