Dexmedetomidine enhances recovery after gastrointestinal cancer surgery by protecting the endothelial glycocalyx: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

Table 3 Microcirculatory and metabolic parameters between dexmedetomidine and control groups over time

Parameter	Time point	DEX group (n = 55)	Control group (n = 55)	P value
Perfused vessel density (mm/mm2)	T2	21.40 ± 3.50	19.94 ± 2.93	0.019
Mean flow index	T2	2.83 ± 0.28	2.66 ± 0.33	0.005
P(v-a)CO2 (mmHg)	T0	3.07 ± 0.78	3.27 ± 0.65	0.632
	T1	4.59 ± 0.86	4.94 ± 0.85	0.132
	T2	3.89 ± 0.84	4.63 ± 1.06	< 0.001
	T3	4.00 ± 1.03	4.40 ± 0.87	0.128
Lactate (mmol/L)	T0	1.00 ± 0.32	1.09 ± 0.31	0.504
	T1	1.74 ± 0.37	1.82 ± 0.36	0.968
	T2	1.33 ± 0.40	1.65 ± 0.54	0.003
	T3	1.31 ± 0.58	1.51 ± 0.43	0.183

DEX: Dexmedetomidine.