Nomographic predictive models for complications after minimally invasive esophagectomy: Current status and future perspectives

Table 1 Difference in post operative outcomes between minimally invasive and open esophagectomy

Ref.	Sample size	Blood loss (mL)	Operative time (minutes)	Length of stay (days)	Respiratory morbidity	Anastomotic leak rate	In-hospital mortality	Lymph node retrieval	3-year overall survival
Smithers et al[61]	446	Lower in MIE (300 vs 600), P = 0.017	Shorter in OE (330 vs 300), P = 0.01	Shorter in MIE (11 vs 14), P = 0.03	NSD	NSD	NSD	NSD	NSD
Nagpal et al[62]	1284	Lower in MIE, P < 0.001	Shorter in OE, P < 0.001	Shorter in MIE, P = 0.004	Lower in MIE, P = 0.04	Lower in MIE, P = 0.02	NSD	NSD	NR
Yibulayin et al[6]	15790	Lower in MIE, P = 0.05	Shorter in OE, P < 0.05	Shorter in MIE, P < 0.05	Lower in MIE, P < 0.05	NSD	Lower in MIE, P < 0.05	NS	NR
Sihag et al[63]	3780	NR	Shorter in OE (443 vs 312), P < 0.001	Shorter in MIE (9 vs 10), P < 0.001	NSD	NSD	NS	NR	NR
Xiong et al[64]	488	Lower in MIE, P = 0.001	Shorter in MIE, P < 0.001	Shorter in MIE, P < 0.001	Lower in MIE, P < 0.001	NSD	NSD	NSD	NR
Yoshida et al[65]	24233	Lower in MIE, P < 0.001	Shorter in MIE, P < 0.001	NR	Lower in MIE (16% vs 18%), P = 0.001	NSD	Lower in MIE (1.7 vs 2.4), P < 0.001	NR	NR
Akhtar et al[66]	13269	Lower in MIE, P < 0.001	Shorter in MIE, P < 0.001	Shorter in MIE, P < 0.001	Lower in MIE, P < 0.001	NR	NR	NR	NR
Ofuchi et al[67]	459	NR	NR	NR	Lower with MIE (28% vs 40%)	NR	NSD	NSD	NSD
Randomized control trials
Biere et al[5]	115	Lower in MIE (200 vs 475), P < 0.001	Shorter in OE (329 vs 299), P = 0.002	Shorter in MIE (11 vs 14), P = 0.044	Lower in MIE (12% vs 34%), P = 0.005	NSD	NSD	NSD	NR
Mariette et al[15]	207	NR	NSD	NSD (14 days vs 14 days)	Lower with MIE (18% vs 30%)	More in MIE (11% vs 7%)	NSD	NSD	NSD
van der Sluis et al[16]	112	Lower with MIE (120 mL vs 200 mL)	Longer in RAMIE (60-70 minutes more)	NSD (14 days vs 16 days)	Lower with MIE (32% vs 58%)	NSD (22% vs 20%)	NSD	NSD (27 vs 25)	NSD
ROMIO study group[68]	533	NR	NR	NSD (10 days vs 11 days)	NSD	NSD (8% vs 8%)	NSD	NR	NR

MIE: Minimally invasive esophagectomy; OE: Open esophagectomy; NSD: No significant difference; NS: No significant; NR: Not reported; RAMIE: Robot assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy.