"Liuzijue" Qigong training enhances early pulmonary function recovery after esophageal cancer surgery

doi:10.4240/wjgs.v17.i12.113408

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery

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1948-9366

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastrointest Surg. Dec 27, 2025; 17(12): 113408
Published online Dec 27, 2025. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v17.i12.113408

Table 3 Comparative analysis of postoperative pulmonary function and exercise capacity assessments across study groups of esophageal cancer patients, mean ± SD

Variable	Overall (n = 306)	Control group (n = 163)	Experimental group (n = 143)	P value
Forced vital capacity	3094.4 ± 841.4	3265.4 ± 861.3	3013.3 ± 813.6	0.115
FEV₁	2734.4 ± 727.9	2270.8 ± 797.2	2066.1 ± 740.5	0.021
FEV₁ to forced vital capacity ratio	85.6 ± 10.1	85.1 ± 10.7	86.0 ± 9.3	0.418
Diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide	17.1 ± 5.9	17.1 ± 5.9	17.0 ± 5.9	0.880
Maximum voluntary ventilation	100.4 ± 35.6	99.1 ± 35.5	101.9 ± 35.7	0.507
Total lung capacity	5624.4 ± 1106.5	5622.3 ± 1110.3	5626.8 ± 1106.1	0.972
Functional residual capacity	2976.4 ± 592.8	2990.1 ± 606.8	2960.7 ± 578.2	0.664
6-minute walk distance	404.2 ± 14.6	404.9 ± 14.2	403.4 ± 15.0	0.379
Modified Borg scale	2 (0-4)	2 (1-3)	2 (0-4)	0.045

FEV₁: Forced expiratory volume in 1 second.

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Citation: Bai Y, Zhang ZL, Qiao L, Shi LL, Wang J, Nian H, Du QC, Tian ZH, Yao ZL, Wu YB. "Liuzijue" Qigong training enhances early pulmonary function recovery after esophageal cancer surgery. World J Gastrointest Surg 2025; 17(12): 113408
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9366/full/v17/i12/113408.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v17.i12.113408

Bai Y, Zhang ZL, Qiao L, Shi LL, Wang J, Nian H, Du QC, Tian ZH, Yao ZL, Wu YB. "Liuzijue" Qigong training enhances early pulmonary function recovery after esophageal cancer surgery. World J Gastrointest Surg 2025; 17(12): 113408 [PMID: 41479713 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v17.i12.113408]

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