"Liuzijue" Qigong training enhances early pulmonary function recovery after esophageal cancer surgery

doi:10.4240/wjgs.v17.i12.113408

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery

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1948-9366

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastrointest Surg. Dec 27, 2025; 17(12): 113408
Published online Dec 27, 2025. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v17.i12.113408

Table 2 Baseline pulmonary function and exercise capacity characteristics in preoperative patients with esophageal cancer across study groups, mean ± SD

Variable	Overall (n = 306)	Control group (n = 163)	Experimental group (n = 143)	P value
Forced vital capacity	3502.9 ± 841.8	3491.9 ± 845.2	3515.4 ± 840.6	0.808
FEV₁	2734.4 ± 727.9	2705.2 ± 717.4	2767.8 ± 740.8	0.454
FEV₁ to forced vital capacity ratio	90.0 ± 17.6	90.4 ± 17.8	89.5 ± 17.5	0.675
Diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide	19.8 ± 5.6	19.8 ± 5.3	19.9 ± 5.8	0.860
Maximum voluntary ventilation	117.2 ± 38.4	113.6 ± 37.4	121.2 ± 39.3	0.084
Total lung capacity	5964.4 ± 1146.7	5928.8 ± 1108.0	6005.1 ± 1192.0	0.562
Functional residual capacity	2236.8 ± 428.0	2230.9 ± 427.3	2243.4 ± 430.3	0.799
6-minute walk distance	449.1 ± 7.6	449.7 ± 7.4	448.4 ± 7.9	0.143
Modified Borg scale	1 (0-3)	1 (0-3)	1 (0-2)	0.821

FEV₁: Forced expiratory volume in 1 second.

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Citation: Bai Y, Zhang ZL, Qiao L, Shi LL, Wang J, Nian H, Du QC, Tian ZH, Yao ZL, Wu YB. "Liuzijue" Qigong training enhances early pulmonary function recovery after esophageal cancer surgery. World J Gastrointest Surg 2025; 17(12): 113408
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9366/full/v17/i12/113408.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v17.i12.113408

Bai Y, Zhang ZL, Qiao L, Shi LL, Wang J, Nian H, Du QC, Tian ZH, Yao ZL, Wu YB. "Liuzijue" Qigong training enhances early pulmonary function recovery after esophageal cancer surgery. World J Gastrointest Surg 2025; 17(12): 113408 [PMID: 41479713 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v17.i12.113408]

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