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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery
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1948-9366
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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Study
©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Dec 27, 2025; 17(12): 112063
Published online Dec 27, 2025. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v17.i12.112063
Table 6 Serum platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor-β1, and cytokeratin 18 level comparisons
PDGF (pg/mL)
TGF-β1 (pg/mL)
CK-18 (ng/mL)
ACET groupBefore treatment30.72 ± 8.1443.22 ± 8.46136.56 ± 12.76
After treatment15.25 ± 4.39a32.14 ± 6.57a109.88 ± 12.32a
Control groupBefore treatment28.54 ± 8.4248.49 ± 8.93 130.97 ± 13.09
After treatment23.20 ± 5.67b40.09 ± 8.03b126.40 ± 11.84b
aP < 0.05, pre- vs post-treatment in the acupoint catgut embedding therapy (ACET) group.
bP < 0.05, ACET vs control post-treatment.
PDGF: Platelet-derived growth factor; TGF-β1: Transforming growth factor-β1; CK-18: Cytokeratin 18; ACET: Acupoint catgut embedding therapy.
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