Intra-abdominal pressure and procalcitonin for prognosis in patients with severe acute pancreatitis: An etiology-based analysis

Table 2 Association of combined intra-abdominal pressure-procalcitonin risk stratification with major clinical outcomes

Clinical outcomes	Low risk (n = 98)	Moderate-low risk (n = 82)	Moderate-high risk (n = 46)	High risk (n = 19)	P value
Severe AP	13 (13.3)	31 (37.8)	36 (78.3)	18 (94.7)	< 0.001
28-day all-cause mortality	4 (4.1)	9 (11.0)	9 (19.6)	7 (36.8)	< 0.001
180-day mortality	6 (6.1)	12 (14.6)	11 (23.9)	8 (42.1)	< 0.001
MODS	8 (8.2)	21 (25.6)	24 (52.2)	15 (78.9)	< 0.001
Abdominal compartment syndrome	2 (2.0)	7 (8.5)	11 (23.9)	11 (57.9)	< 0.001
ICU admission	11 (11.2)	31 (37.8)	33 (71.7)	18 (94.7)	< 0.001
ICU LOS (days), mean ± SD	2.2 ± 1.6	6.7 ± 3.9	9.9 ± 5.4	16.3 ± 8.7	< 0.001
Mechanical ventilation	3 (3.1)	11 (13.4)	17 (37.0)	13 (68.4)	< 0.001
Mechanical ventilation duration (days), mean ± SD	1.7 ± 0.9	3.8 ± 2.3	6.9 ± 3.9	10.8 ± 5.7	< 0.001
Infectious complications	7 (7.1)	17 (20.7)	20 (43.5)	13 (68.4)	< 0.001
Hospital LOS (days), mean ± SD	9.7 ± 3.6	16.3 ± 6.2	23.5 ± 9.4	29.7 ± 13.2	< 0.001
Total cost (× 10000 RMB), mean ± SD	3.9 ± 1.9	8.1 ± 3.5	14.9 ± 6.7	23.8 ± 11.3	< 0.001
Stratified by etiology
Hypertriglyceridemic AP patients (n = 53)
28-day mortality	1/12 (8.3)	3/17 (17.6)	4/15 (26.7)	4/9 (44.4)	0.038
MODS	2/12 (16.7)	7/17 (41.2)	10/15 (66.7)	8/9 (88.9)	0.003
Biliary AP (n = 123)
28-day mortality	2/53 (3.8)	4/39 (10.3)	3/21 (14.3)	2/10 (20.0)	0.014
MODS	4/53 (7.5)	11/39 (28.2)	9/21 (42.9)	6/10 (60.0)	< 0.001
Alcoholic AP (n = 46)
28-day mortality	1/21 (4.8)	2/16 (12.5)	2/7 (28.6)	1/2 (50.0)	0.113
MODS	2/21 (9.5)	5/16 (31.3)	3/7 (42.9)	1/2 (50.0)	0.046

Data are presented as n (%). Risk stratification was based on intra-abdominal pressure ≥ 10.5 mmHg and procalcitonin ≥ 0.92 ng/mL cutoffs from the training set. AP: Acute pancreatitis; ICU: Intensive care unit; LOS: Length of stay; MODS: Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome; SD: Standard deviation.