Clinical utility of a novel concentrated enteral formula in patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery: A randomized controlled trial

Table 2 Clinical and pathological characteristics of the patients, n (%)

Parameter	Nutritional intervention group (n = 17)	Non-intervention group (n = 18)	P value
Gender, men/female	13/4 (76/24)	13/5 (72/28)	1.00001
Age, year, mean ± SD (median, range)	61.3 ± 7.3 (61, 44-73)	58.8 ± 11.4 (62, 34-73)	0.45662
BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD (median, range)	22.1 ± 3.2 (22.7, 16.3-26.9)	23.6 ± 3.8 (22.9, 18.2-33.0)	0.21292
ASA			0.49513
1	1 (5.9)	2 (11.1)
2	15 (88.2)	12 (66.7)
3	1 (5.9)	4 (22.2)
Tumor location			0.60374
C	3 (17.6)	2 (11.1)
A	1 (5.9)	1 (5.6)
T	0 (0)	1 (5.6)
D	2 (11.8)	1 (5.6)
S	4 (23.5)	3 (16.7)
RS	3 (17.6)	2 (11.1)
Ra	1 (5.9)	6 (33.3)
Rb	3 (17.6)	2 (11.1)
Tumor size, mm, mean ± SD (median, range)	34.4 ± 19.9 (35, 11-75)	35.9 ± 18.0 (33, 0-77)	0.81902
UICC-TNM stage			0.83783
0	0 (0)	1 (5.6)
I	6 (35.3)	3 (16.7)
II	3 (17.6)	7 (38.9)
III	7 (41.2)	7 (38.9)
IV	1 (5.9)	0 (0)
T category			0.43663
T0	0 (0)	1 (5.6)
T1	5 (29.4)	1 (5.6)
T2	3 (17.6)	3 (16.7)
T3	7 (41.2)	12 (66.7)
T4	2 (11.8)	1 (5.6)
N category			0.43193
N0	9 (52.9)	11 (61.1)
N1	4 (23.5)	5 (27.8)
N2	4 (23.5)	2 (11.1)
M category			0.30353
M0	16 (94.1)	18 (100.0)
M1	1 (5.9)	0 (0)
Any comorbidity	9 (52.9)	12 (66.7)	0.49981
Hypertension	5 (29.4)	6 (33.3)	1.00001
Ischemic heart disease	0 (0)	2 (11.1)	0.48571
Arrhythmia	1 (5.9)	0 (0)	0.48571
Cerebrovascular disease	0 (0)	1 (5.6)	1.00001
Asthma	2 (11.8)	3 (16.7)	1.00001
COPD	1 (5.9)	0 (0)	0.48571
Diabetes mellitus	1 (5.9)	5 (27.8)	0.17741
Dyslipidemia	4 (23.5)	7 (38.9)	0.47051
Smoking	9 (52.9)	11 (61.1)	0.73801
Preoperative chemotherapy	3 (17.6)	6 (33.3)	0.44301
Operative time, minute, mean ± SD (median, range)	199.1 ± 89.3 (174.0, 117-453)	212.4 ± 57.5 (202.5, 115-328)	0.59942
Temporary loop ileostomy	2 (11.8)	5 (27.8)	0.40181
Postoperative stay, day, mean ± SD (median, range)	10.3 ± 4.6 (9, 8-27)	10.8 ± 3.5 (9, 8-18)	0.69602

¹Fisher exact test.

²t-test.

³Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel correlation test.

⁴Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel general association test.

BMI: Body mass index; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; C: Colon; A: Ascending colon; T: Transverse colon; D: Descending colon; S: Sigmoid colon; RS: Rectosigmoid; Ra: Upper rectum; Rb: Lower rectum; UICC: Union for International Cancer Control; T: Tumor; N: Node; M: Metastasis; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.