Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for the management of biliary fistula following liver hydatid cyst related surgery or radiological interventions

Table 1 General characteristics and management of the study population

Total patients	n = 88
Gender (female), n (%)	50 (57)
Median age (range; years)	33 (8-83)
Comorbidities, n (%)
Diabetes mellitus	6 (6.8)
Arterial hypertension	4 (4.5)
Coronary artery disease	1 (1.1)
Celiac disease	1 (1.1)
Thalassemia major	1 (1.1)
Gordon syndrome	1 (1.1)
Polycystic kidney disease	1 (1.1)
Median cyst size (cm)	9.5 (4-23)
Gharbi classification, n (%)
Type 1	10 (11)
Type 2	36 (41)
Type 3	31 (35)
Type 4	11 (13)
Cyst characteristics, n (%)
Single cyst	65 (74)
Right lobe	70 (62)
Intervention type (surgery)	72 (82)
Daily fistula output (> 400 mL)	42 (48)
ERCP time (< 10 days), n (%)	38 (43)
Mode of ERCP, n (%)
ES + biliary stenting	73 (83)
ES alone	15 (17)
Number of ERCP procedures, n (%)
1	66 (75)
2	17(19)
3	4 (5)
4	1 (1)
All complications, n (%)
Pancreatitis (mild)	5 (6)
Bleeding (mild)	4 (5)
Infection/cholangitis (non-severe)	4 (5)
Discharge (days), n (%)
1	56 (64)
2	18 (20)
> 3	14 (16)
Median fistula closure time (range; days)	17 (8-93)

ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; ES: Endoscopic sphincterotomy.