Effect of stratified management and stepwise training on pulmonary rehabilitation in older patients with liver cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery

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1948-9366

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastrointest Surg. Nov 27, 2025; 17(11): 110973
Published online Nov 27, 2025. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v17.i11.110973

Table 1 Clinical patient stratification by evidence

Grade	Postoperative complication risk	Frailty index	Liver function grade	Cough score	Activity level	Surgical method
I	High risk	> 2	Grade A	0-2 points	Bedridden	Open surgery
II	Medium risk	1-2	Grade B	3-4 points	Lying/standing	Laparoscopic surgery
III	Low risk	0	Grade C	4-5 points	Walking	Laparoscopic surgery

Citation: Zhang Q, Liu CD, Lu XX, Zhang SS, Gong JH, Ding J. Effect of stratified management and stepwise training on pulmonary rehabilitation in older patients with liver cancer. World J Gastrointest Surg 2025; 17(11): 110973
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9366/full/v17/i11/110973.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v17.i11.110973

Zhang Q, Liu CD, Lu XX, Zhang SS, Gong JH, Ding J. Effect of stratified management and stepwise training on pulmonary rehabilitation in older patients with liver cancer. World J Gastrointest Surg 2025; 17(11): 110973 [PMID: 41357642 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v17.i11.110973]

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