Asymptomatic gallstone disease: Re-evaluating the threshold for surgical options in the era of precision medicine

Table 2 Benefits of emerging technologies, artificial intelligence in asymptomatic gallstone disease management

Technology	Application	Benefits
Risk models using AI	Predict transition from asymptomatic to symptomatic disease	Reduces unnecessary surgery, focuses on early intervention
Genomic markers	Detect genetic predisposition to gallstones	Facilitates early diagnosis and tailored management
Mobile health apps	Track symptoms and allow remote monitoring	Enhances patient activation and self-triage
Wearables	Detect motility changes and early inflammation	Allows proactive, non-invasive surveillance
CDSS with EHR	Automated risk scoring and clinical decision support	Facilitates evidence-based, equitable delivery of care

AI: Artificial intelligence; CDSS: Clinical decision support systems; EHR: Electronic health record.