Robotic liver surgery for metastatic disease: A review of safety, feasibility, and outcomes

Table 3 Perioperative morbidity and mortality

Ref.	30-day mortality	90-day mortality	Postoperative complications
Safiejko et al[6]
RLR	0.5% (2/372); RLR vs LLR: OR = 1.23, 95%CI: 0.32-4.83	0.0% (0/178); RLR vs LLR: OR = 1.78, 95%CI: 0.23-14.03	21.9% (106/482); RLR vs LLR: OR = 1.04, 95%CI: 0.81-1.32
LLR	0.7% (13/1931)	1.3% (10/789)	22.4% (404/1806)
Machairas et al[7]	0% (0/29)	0% (0/29)	37.9% (11/29)
Mkabaah et al[9]
RLR	0.7% (2/268); RLR vs OLR: OR = 1.24, 95%CI: 0.24-6.36	0.6% (1/179); RLR vs OLR: OR = 0.45, 95%CI: 0.07-3.03	23.6% (45/191); RLR vs OLR: OR = 0.52, 95%CI: 0.32-0.86
LLR	0.3% (5/1530); LLR vs OLR: OR = 1.01, 95%CI: 0.29-3.58	0.3% (1/292); LLR vs OLR: OR = 0.64, 95%CI: 0.08-5.24	16.6% (113/678); LLR vs OLR: OR = 0.50, 95%CI: 0.37-0.68
OLR	0.7% (6/862)	1.4% (4/296)	26.4% (262/992)
Ho et al[12]	0% (0/217)	0% (0/217)	20.3% (48/236)
McGuirk et al[13]	0% (0/28)	2.8% (1/28)	28.6% (8/28)

Complication rates varied by severity (e.g., Machairas et al[7] reported 9 minor vs 2 major complications). Pooled analyses include only comparative studies[6,9], non-comparative data are reported descriptively[7,12,13]. RLR: Robotic liver resection; LLR: Laparoscopic liver resection; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; OLR: Open liver resection.