Robotic liver surgery for metastatic disease: A review of safety, feasibility, and outcomes

doi:10.4240/wjgs.v17.i11.109989

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery

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1948-9366

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastrointest Surg. Nov 27, 2025; 17(11): 109989
Published online Nov 27, 2025. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v17.i11.109989

Table 2 Conversion rates

Ref.	Year	RLR conversion rate	LLR conversion rate	OLR conversion rate	Statistical comparison
Safiejko et al[6]	2024	6.7% (NR)	12.4% (NR)	NR	LLR vs RLR: OR = 2.18, 95%CI: 1.46-3.24
Machairas et al[7]	2021	0% (0/29)	NR	NR	NR
Mkabaah et al[9]	2025	4.7% (10/214)	10.4% (328/3166)	NR	LLR vs RLR: OR = 27.50, 95%CI: 7.73-97.48
Ho et al[12]¹	2013	4.6% (10/217)	NR	NR	NR
McGuirk et al[13]	2021	0% (0/28)	NR	NR	NR

¹Included conversions to laparotomy (9 cases) and hand-port laparoscopy (1 case). Pooled analyses include only comparative studies[6,9], non-comparative data are reported descriptively[7,13].

RLR: Robotic liver resection; LLR: Laparoscopic liver resection; OLR: Open liver resection; NR: Not reported; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

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Citation: Ardila CM, Zuluaga-Gómez M, González-Arroyave D. Robotic liver surgery for metastatic disease: A review of safety, feasibility, and outcomes. World J Gastrointest Surg 2025; 17(11): 109989
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9366/full/v17/i11/109989.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v17.i11.109989

Ardila CM, Zuluaga-Gómez M, González-Arroyave D. Robotic liver surgery for metastatic disease: A review of safety, feasibility, and outcomes. World J Gastrointest Surg 2025; 17(11): 109989 [PMID: 41357633 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v17.i11.109989]

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