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Meta-Analysis
©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Nov 27, 2025; 17(11): 109426
Published online Nov 27, 2025. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v17.i11.109426
Table 5 Risk of bias assessment of the included studies according to the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized controlled trials
Ref.
Selection bias1
Selection bias2
Performance bias
Attrition bias
Detection bias
Reporting bias
Overall bias
Abdelshafy et al[28]Some concernLowSome concernLowLowSome concernSome concerns
Lee et al[30]Some concernSome concernLowLowLowHighLow
Jian et al[42]LowLowHighLowSome concernSome concernSome concerns
Ruiz-Tovar et al[47]LowLowSome concernsSome concernsSome concernsLowSome concerns
Seetharamaiah et al[49]LowSome concernsSome concernsSome concernsSome concernsLowSome concerns
Shivakumar et al[51]LowLowSome concernsSome concernsLowLowLow


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