Postoperative outcomes following prehabilitation vs no prehabilitation in elective colorectal surgery: A 2:1 propensity score-matched analysis

Table 4 Postoperative outcomes in the subgroup analysis of patients who were not frail

	Overall group, N = 142				PSM group, n = 119
	Prehabilitation (n = 91)	No prehabilitation (n = 51)	OR (95%CI)1	P value1	Prehabilitation (n = 79)	No prehabilitation (n = 40)	OR (95%CI)1	P value1	OR (95%CI)2	P value2
Admission to ICU/HDU	41 (45.1)	15 (29.4)	1.97 (0.95, 4.09)	0.067	33 (41.8)	13 (32.5)	1.49 (0.67, 3.31)	0.326	1.50 (0.63, 3.57)	0.360
Unplanned	7 (17.1)	4 (26.7)	0.57 (0.14, 2.31)	0.424	6 (18.2)	4 (30.8)	0.50 (0.12, 2.18)	0.351	0.57 (0.12, 2.63)	0.469
Postoperative complications
Major morbidity	13 (14.3)	7 (13.7)	1.05 (0.39, 2.82)	0.927	11 (13.9)	7 (17.5)	0.76 (0.27, 2.15)	0.607	0.75 (0.26, 2.14)	0.588
Grade 3	6 (6.6)	4 (7.8)	0.83 (0.22, 3.09)	0.780	6 (7.6)	4 (10.0)	0.74 (0.20, 2.79)	0.655	0.74 (0.19, 2.81)	0.655
Grade 4	6 (6.6)	2 (3.9)	1.73 (0.34, 8.90)	0.508	4 (5.1)	2 (5.0)	1.01 (0.18, 5.78)	0.988	0.98 (0.16, 6.00)	0.984
Grade 5	1 (1.1)	1 (2.0)	0.56 (0.03, 9.08)	0.676	1 (1.3)	1 (2.5)	0.50 (0.03, 8.21)	0.621	0.44 (0.03, 7.69)	0.574
Length of stay, days
Mean (mean ± SD)	10.38 ± 11.79	9.45 ± 7.86	N/A	0.614	9.86 ± 11.20	9.20 ± 7.04	N/A	0.734	N/A	N/A
Median	7.0 (5.0-11.0)	6.0 (4.0-11.0)	N/A	0.411	7.0 (5.0-11.0)	6.5 (4.0-10.8)	N/A	0.717	N/A	N/A
≥ 14 days	16 (17.6)	12 (23.5)	0.69 (0.30, 1.61)	0.393	14 (17.7)	9 (22.5)	0.74 (0.29, 1.90)	0.533	0.71 (0.27, 1.85)	0.484
Discharge disposition			N/A	0.696			N/A	0.640	N/A	N/A
Home	81 (90.0)	46 (92.0)			72 (92.3)	35 (89.7)
Community hospital	9 (10.0)	4 (8.0)			6 (7.7)	4 (10.3)
Nursing home	0	0			0	0
30-day readmission	9 (9.9)	10 (19.6)	0.45 (0.17, 1.19)	0.103	8 (10.1)	7 (17.5)	0.53 (0.18, 1.59)	0.252	0.55 (0.18, 1.66)	0.292
Mortality
30-day	1 (1.1)	1 (2.0)	0.56 (0.03, 9.08)	0.676	1 (1.3)	1 (2.5)	0.50 (0.03, 8.21)	0.621	0.44 (0.03, 7.69)	0.574
1-year	6 (6.6)	3 (5.9)	1.13 (0.27, 4.72)	0.867	6 (7.6)	3 (7.5)	1.01 (0.24, 4.28)	0.985	1.04 (0.24, 4.55)	0.961
MBI at 6 weeks postoperatively	100 (98.5-100)	100 (100-100)	N/A	0.770	100 (99.0-100)	100 (98.0-100)	N/A	0.866	N/A	N/A
> 10% drop in MBI 6 weeks after surgery, yes	7 (7.7)	4 (7.8)	0.98 (0.27, 3.52)	0.974	6 (7.6)	3 (7.5)	1.01 (0.24, 4.28)	0.985	1.11 (0.25, 4.98)	0.892

¹Univariate analysis.

²Multivariate analysis.

Data are presented as median (interquartile range) or n (%). ICU: Intensive care unit; HDU: High dependency unit; MBI: Modified Barthel index; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; N/A: Not applicable; PSM: Propensity score matching; SD: Standard deviation.