Postoperative outcomes following prehabilitation vs no prehabilitation in elective colorectal surgery: A 2:1 propensity score-matched analysis

Table 3 Postoperative outcomes in patients who received prehabilitation vs those who did not receive prehabilitation

	Overall group, N = 208				PSM group, n = 144
	Prehabilitation (n = 148)	No prehabilitation (n = 60)	OR (95%CI)1	P value1	Prehabilitation (n = 96)	No prehabilitation (n = 48)	OR (95%CI)1	P value1	OR (95%CI)2	P value2
Admission to ICU/HDU	59 (39.9)	19 (31.7)	1.43 (0.76, 2.70)	0.269	35 (36.5)	16 (33.3)	1.15 (0.55, 2.38)	0.712	1.19 (0.54, 2.63)	0.665
Unplanned	8 (13.6)	5 (26.3)	0.44 (0.12, 1.56)	0.194	6 (17.1)	5 (31.3)	0.46 (0.12, 1.80)	0.256	0.55 (0.13, 2.31)	0.417
Postoperative complications
Major morbidity	17 (11.5)	8 (13.3)	0.84 (0.34, 2.07)	0.711	12 (12.5)	7 (14.6)	0.84 (0.31, 2.28)	0.728	0.84 (0.30, 2.33)	0.735
Grade 3	8 (5.4)	4 (6.7)	0.80 (0.23, 2.76)	0.724	6 (6.3)	4 (8.3)	0.73 (0.20, 2.73)	0.643	0.71 (0.19, 2.68)	0.617
Grade 4	7 (4.7)	2 (3.3)	1.44 (0.29, 7.14)	0.654	4 (4.2)	2 (4.2)	1.00 (0.18, 5.66)	1.000	1.01 (0.17, 6.06)	0.993
Grade 5	2 (1.4)	2 (3.3)	0.40 (0.06, 2.89)	0.346	2 (2.1)	1 (2.1)	1.00 (0.09, 11.31)	1.000	0.93 (0.08, 11.19)	0.953
Length of stay, days
Mean (mean ± SD)	9.9 ± 9.8	9.3 ± 7.4	N/A	0.670	9.8 ± 10.5	9.1 ± 6.6	N/A	0.616	N/A	N/A
Median	7.0 (5.0-11.0)	7.0 (5.0-11.0)	N/A	0.349	7.0 (5.0-11.0)	7.0 (4.3-10.8)	N/A	0.835	N/A	N/A
≥ 14 days	28 (18.9)	13 (21.7)	0.84 (0.40, 1.77)	0.652	18 (18.8)	10 (20.8)	0.88 (0.37, 2.08)	0.766	0.87 (0.36, 2.11)	0.754
Discharge disposition			N/A	0.359			N/A	0.793	N/A	N/A
Home	121 (82.3)	52 (89.7)	N/A	N/A	86 (90.5)	41 (87.2)	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Community hospital	24 (16.3)	5 (8.6)	N/A	N/A	8 (8.4)	5 (10.6)	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Nursing home	2 (1.4)	1 (1.7)	N/A	N/A	1 (1.1)	1 (2.1)	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
30-day readmission	16 (10.9)	11 (18.6)	0.53 (0.23, 1.23)	0.136	9 (9.5)	8 (16.7)	0.52 (0.19, 1.46)	0.209	0.53 (0.19, 1.49)	0.230
Mortality
30-day	2 (1.4)	2 (3.3)	0.40 (0.06, 2.89)	0.346	2 (2.1)	1 (2.1)	1.00 (0.09, 11.31)	1.000	0.93 (0.08, 11.19)	0.953
1-year	10 (6.8)	4 (6.7)	1.01 (0.31, 3.37)	0.981	7 (7.3)	3 (6.3)	1.18 (0.29, 4.78)	0.817	1.26 (0.30, 5.28)	0.756
MBI at 6 weeks postoperatively	100 (87.8-100)	100 (98.0-100)	N/A	0.069	100 (98.0-100)	100 (94.5-100)	N/A	0.777	N/A	N/A
> 10% drop in MBI 6 weeks after surgery, yes	18 (12.2)	5 (8.3)	1.52 (0.54, 4.31)	0.425	9 (9.4)	4 (8.3)	1.14 (0.33, 3.90)	0.837	1.18 (0.34, 4.09)	0.797

¹Univariate analysis.

²Multivariate analysis.

Data are presented as median (interquartile range) or n (%). ICU: Intensive care unit; HDU: High dependency unit; MBI: Modified Barthel index; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; N/A: Not applicable; PSM: Propensity score matching; SD: Standard deviation.