Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty vs lifestyle modification for weight loss: A real-world cost-effectiveness study

Table 1 Key model parameters

Parameter		Parameter value	Distribution	Source
Clinical	Baseline characteristics
	Age (years), mean (SE)	46 (N/A)	N/A
	Male sex,% (SE)	14.4 (3)	Beta
	Class I obesity, n (%)	48 (29)
	Class II obesity, n (%)	58 (37)
	Class III obesity, n (%)	53 (34)	N/A
	Mortality risk, HR (SE)		Gamma
	Healthy weight	1.00 (reference)
	Overweight	1.08 (0.03)
	Obesity I	1.27 (0.01)
	Obesity II	1.93 (0.01)
	Obesity III1	1.93 (0.03)
Utility	Utility, mean (SE)		Beta
	Healthy weight	0.88 (0.001)
	Overweight	0.81 (0.002)
	Obesity I	0.78 (0.030)
	Obesity II	0.70 (0.030)
	Obesity III	0.61 (0.040)
Costs (dollars)	Intervention costs, mean (SE)		N/A	Data on file
	One-off ESG device and procedure costs2	13671.27 (N/A)
	Annual LM costs	586.72 (N/A)
	Annual obesity-related direct healthcare costs, mean (SE)3		Gamma
	Healthy weight	2963.94 (592.79)
	Overweight4	2963.94 (592.79)
	Obesity I	5032.70 (1006.54)
	Obesity II	6566.56 (1313.31)
	Obesity III	9903.66 (1980.73)

¹Hazard ratio was not reported by Xu et al[26] for the body mass index range equivalent to the obesity III health state and was conservatively assumed to be the same as that in the obesity II health state.

²Includes device costs, surgical supply costs, drug costs, facility use (operating room, recovery room, and labor) costs, and endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty imaging (diagnostic esophagoscopy) costs.

³2017 cost year inflated to 2023 dollars values using the National Consumer Price Index.

⁴Costs were not reported for the body mass index range equivalent to the overweight health state and were assumed to be the same as the value reported by Cawley et al[28] for the healthy weight health state.

ESG: Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty; HR: Hazard ratio; N/A: Not applicable.