Effect of perioperative restrictive and liberal fluid regimens on postoperative nausea-vomiting and quality of recovery in laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Table 5 Univariate and multivariate analyses using logistic regression for the composite outcome of postoperative nausea and vomiting

Independent variable	Univariate		Multivariate
	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)
Age, years	0.607	0.993 (0.965-1.021)	NA	NA
BMI, kg/m2	0.092	0.929 (0.854-1.012)	NA	NA
Female1	< 0.001	4.345 (2.013-9.381)	0.001	4.421 (1.862-10.490)
Restrictive group2	< 0.001	3.906 (2.007-7.601)	< 0.001	4.874 (2.294-10.350)
Time to demand oral fluids, minutes	0.983	1.000 (0.997-1.003)	NA	NA
First mobilization time in, hours	0.412	1.096 (0.880-1.365)	NA	NA
Total tramadol consumption, mg	0.320	1.009 (0.991-1.027)	NA	NA
Time to first oral solid food intake, hours	0.001	1.876 (1.283-2.744)	0.004	1.894 (1.230-2.919)
Duration of surgery, minutes	0.229	1.029 (0.982-1.077)	NA	NA
Duration of anesthesia, minutes	0.327	1.021 (0.979-1.065)	NA	NA

¹Reference sex is male.

²Reference group is liberal fluid treatment group.

BMI: Body mass index; CI: Confidence interval; NA: Not available; OR: Odds ratio.