Application of total thoracoscopic ultrasonic scalpel resection in esophageal cancer patients

Table 3 Comparison of pain mediator levels between the two groups, mean ± SD

Group	n	5-HT (nmol/L)		K+ (nmol/L)		NE (ng/L)
		Preoperatively	Postoperatively	Preoperatively	Postoperatively	Preoperatively	Postoperatively
Observation group	66	0.22 ± 0.04	0.41 ± 0.04a	28.35 ± 2.40	33.69 ± 2.58a	1.25 ± 0.11	3.03 ± 0.48a
Control group	61	0.21 ± 0.03	0.69 ± 0.05a	27.94 ± 2.33	38.86 ± 3.71a	1.27 ± 0.16	5.78 ± 0.52a
t		1.584	34.973	0.975	9.174	0.826	30.992
P value		0.114	< 0.001	0.331	< 0.001	0.410	< 0.001

^aP < 0.05 vs pre-treatment levels in the same group.

5-HT: 5-hydroxytryptamine; K⁺: Potassium ions; NE: Norepinephrine.