Image and intracavitary electrocardiogram-guided arm port placement in colorectal cancer: A retrospective comparative study

Figure 2 Independent risk factors for complications after arm port implantation. This forest plot illustrates the hazard ratios for risk factors associated with catheter-related complications in arm port implantation. Traditional anatomical landmark technique presents the highest risk [hazard ratio (HR) = 3.12, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.46-6.78, P = 0.004], followed by non-ideal catheter tip position (HR = 2.75, 95%CI: 1.25-5.63, P = 0.012), and body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m² (HR = 1.84, 95%CI: 1.07-3.56, P = 0.038), all showing statistically significant associations with increased complication rates. HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; BMI: Body mass index.