Retrospective investigation of risk factors for pancreatic fistula development after pancreaticoduodenectomy

Table 3 Univariate analysis results of risk factors related to postoperative pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy (2005 International Study Group of Pancreatic Fistula edition)

Index	Postoperative pancreatic fistula in PD patients		Statistical value	P value
	Yes	No
Main pancreatic duct diameter			χ2 = 31.641	< 0.001
≤ 3 mm	88	46
> 3 mm	36	83
Main pancreatic duct index			χ2 = 52.777	< 0.001
≤ 0.25	101	47
> 0.25	23	82
Portal vein invasion			χ2 = 6.259	0.012
Yes	3	13
No	121	116
Intra-abdominal fat thickness			χ2 = 7.665	0.006
≤ 65 mm	43	67
> 65 mm	81	62
Preoperative biliary drainage			χ2 = 5.999	0.014
Yes	21	9
No	103	120
Pancreatic cancer			χ2 = 5.544	0.019
Yes	21	38
No	103	91
Cutting edge pancreatic thickness (mm)	16.5 ± 3.7	15.0 ± 3.8	t = 2.055	0.032
Pancreatic CT value (HU)	36.3 ± 6.4	41.1 ± 9.6	t = -3.224	0.002
Gender			χ2 = 0.572	0.449
Male	79	88
Female	45	41
Drinking alcohol			χ2 = 1.242	0.265
Yes	27	21
No	97	108
Smoking			χ2 = 0.00	0.974
Yes	54	56
No	70	73
Diabetes			χ2 = 0.549	0.459
Yes	25	31
No	99	98
Pancreatic intestinal anastomosis method			χ2 = 1.703	0.192
Pancreatic duct jejunal mucosa vs mucosa	19	28
Pancreatic intestinal end to side insertion	105	101
Age (years)	61 ± 9	61 ± 7	f = -0.259	0.796
BMI (kg/m2)	23.0 ± 3.1	23.2 ± 2.8	t = -0.372	0.626
Preoperative laboratory examination
White blood cells	6.1 ± 1.9	6.0 ± 1.6	t = 0.773	0.441
Platelets	230.4 ± 69.6	235.0 ± 64.1	t = -0.892	0.374
Albumin (g/L)	39.4 ± 4.2	38.9 ± 4.1	t = 0.757	0.450
Total bilirubin (μmol/L)	124.8 (55.6-249.3)	117.8 (37.0-219.1)	U = -1.093	0.275
CA19-9 (U/mL)	73.3 (29.4-222.6)	96.2 (42.0-370.1)	U = -1.069	0.285
Serum amylase (IU/L)	23.0 (17.0-34.0)	31.5 (17.3-60.0)	U = -2.099	0.036

PD: Pancreaticoduodenectomy; CT: Computed tomography; HU: Hounsfield unit; BMI: Body mass index; CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9.