Role of ablation therapy in conjunction with surgical resection for neuroendocrine tumors involving the liver

doi:10.4240/wjgs.v16.i3.768

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Mar 27, 2024 (publication date) through May 31, 2024

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery

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1948-9366

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastrointest Surg. Mar 27, 2024; 16(3): 768-776
Published online Mar 27, 2024. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v16.i3.768

Table 1 Demographic, clinical characteristics, and descriptive statistics of patients who underwent resection for metastatic neuroendocrine tumors to the liver who were included in the study and were used to assess determinants of adverse outcomes (n = 966), n (%)

Characteristics	Overall number (%)	Surgery only, n = 668 (69.2%)	Surgery + ablation treatment, n = 298 (30.8%)	P value
Male	475 (49.2)	319 (47.8)	156 (52.4)	0.19
Age	59.7 ± 11.2²	59.8 (11.5)	59.7 (10.7)	0.95
BMI	28.8 ± 6.2²	28.5 (6.2)	29.4 (6.3)	0.0336
Race				< 0.001¹
White	687 (71.1)	444 (66.5)	243 (81.5)
Black/African American	82 (8.5)	55 (8.2)	27 (9.1)
Other	36 (3.7)	32 (4.8)	4 (1.3)
Unknown	161 (16.7)	137 (20.5)	24 (8.1)
Ethnicity				< 0.001¹
Hispanic	36 (3.7)	27 (4.0)	9 (3.0)
Not hispanic	787 (81.5)	518 (77.5)	269 (90.3)
Unknown	143 (14.8)	123 (18.4)	20 (6.7)
Wound class				0.025
I	104 (10.8)	80 (12.0)	24 (8.1)
II	810 (83.9)	546 (81.7)	264 (88.6)
III/IV	52 (5.4)	42 (6.3)	10 (3.4)
Diabetes	171 (17.7)	120 (18.0)	51 (17.1)	0.75
Steroid use	36 (3.7)	23 (3.4)	13 (4.4)	0.49
Serum albumin	17.6 ± 18.4²
Operative approach				0.015¹
Minimally invasive	134 (13.9)	107 (16.0)	27 (9.1)
Unplanned open	36 (3.7)	24 (3.6)	12 (4.0)
Planned open	795 (82.4)	536 (80.4)	259 (86.9)
Operative time	243.98 ± 101.2²	238.9 (102.9)	255.4 (96.4)	0.019¹
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy				0.83
None	777 (80.4)	539 (80.7)	238 (79.9)
Systemic	83 (8.6)	55 (8.2)	28 (9.4)
Other	106 (11.0)	74 (11.1)	32 (10.7)
Number of Metastasis				< 0.001¹
1-2	459 (50.4)	388 (61.9)	71 (25.0)
3-4	182 (20.0)	113 (18.0)	69 (24.3)
5-6	85 (9.3)	42 (6.7)	43 (15.1)
7-8	63 (6.9)	25 (4.0)	38 (13.4)
> 8	122 (13.4)	59 (9.4)	63 (22.2)
Size of lesion				< 0.001¹
< 2 cm	249 (26.9)	166 (26.0)	83 (29.0)
2-5 cm	410 (44.3)	263 (41.2)	147 (51.4)
> 5 cm	266 (28.8)	210 (32.9)	56 (19.6)
Extent of Resection				< 0.001¹
Total right lobectomy	120 (12.4)	105 (15.8)	15 (5.0)
Total left lobectomy	67 (6.9)	50 (7.5)	17 (5.7)
Trisegmentectomy	58 (6.0)	47 (7.0)	11 (3.7)
Partial lobectomy	721 (74.6)	466 (69.8)	255 (85.6)

¹Indicates significance at P < 0.05 level.

²Dates were shown in mean ± SD.

BMI: Body mass index.

Citation: Ostapenko A, Stroever S, Eyasu L, Kim M, Aploks K, Dong XD, Seshadri R. Role of ablation therapy in conjunction with surgical resection for neuroendocrine tumors involving the liver. World J Gastrointest Surg 2024; 16(3): 768-776
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9366/full/v16/i3/768.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v16.i3.768