Onset and prognostic features of anastomotic leakage in patients undergoing radical surgery after neoadjuvant chemoradiation for rectal cancer

Table 4 Analysis of clinical manifestations and prognosis of patients with postoperative anastomotic leakage

Clinical feature	Cases	Percentage (%)
ISREC classification
Grade A	30	49.18
Grade B	25	40.98
Grade C	6	9.84
Fistula location
Anterior wall	9	14.75
Posterior wall	40	65.57
Lateral wall	8	13.11
Circumferential	4	6.56
Clinical manifestation
Fever	6	9.84
Abdominal pain/bloating	7	11.48
Abnormal drainage	1	1.64
Anorectal pus discharge	16	26.23
Anorectal/coccygeal pain	18	29.51
Rectal irritation sign	11	18.03
Abnormal vaginal discharge	2	3.28
Necrosis of everted bowel	2	3.28
Number of invasive interventions (times)
< 2	49	80.33
≥ 2	12	19.67
Prognosis
Chronic sacrococcygeal fistula formation	15	24.59
Anastomotic stenosis	18	29.51
Long-term stoma	12	19.67

ISREC: Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research.