Safety and feasibility of modified duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy during pancreatoduodenectomy: A retrospective cohort study

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the patients, n (%)

Variables	Total patients, n = 215
Gender (male/female)	112/103
Age (yr)	54.5 ± 13.3
Diabetes mellitus	51 (23.7)
Smoking history	92 (42.8)
History of abdominal operation	48 (22.3)
Preoperative total bilirubin (µmol/L)	186.9 ± 74.4
Preoperative biliary drainage	123 (57.2)
Albumin (g/L)	35.4 ± 4.8
Pathological types
Ampullary carcinoma	102 (47.4)
Pancreatic head carcinoma	51 (23.7)
Distal cholangiocarcinoma	35 (16.3)
Duodenal papillary carcinoma	22 (10.2)
Ampullary benign diseases	2 (0.9)
Other rare diseases	3 (1.4)
Anastomotic method
End-to-side invagination pancreatoduodenectomy	108 (50.2)
Modified duct-to-mucosa pancreatoduodenectomy	107 (47.8)
Main pancreatic duct diameter
≤ 3 mm	121 (56.3)
> 3 mm	94 (43.7)
Pancreatic texture
Hard	112 (52.1)
Soft	103 (47.9)
Postoperative complications
Postoperative pancreatic fistula	42 (19.5)
Grade A	27 (12.6)
Grade B	11 (5.1)
Grade C	4 (1.9)
Operative time (min)	308.4 ± 57.3
Blood loss (mL)	555.1 ± 228.7
Peritoneal infection	28 (13)
Intra-abdominal hemorrhage	25 (11.6)
Biliary fistula	20 (9.3)
Re-operation	4 (1.9)
Mortality	2 (0.9)
Length of stay (d)	15.7 ± 2.7