Effectiveness of a new approach to minimally invasive surgery in palliative treatment of patients with distal malignant biliary obstruction

Table 1 General characteristics of study participants, n (%)

Indicator	Total, n = 134	Study group				Pvalue
		EIBJD, n = 29	ERBS, n = 25	IETBD, n = 19	PTBD, n = 65
Age in yr, mean ± SD	64.1 ± 11.6	65.8 ± 10.1	61.9 ± 12.9	62.2 ± 13.0	66.0 ± 10.4	0.296
Male/female	69/65	19/15	17/15	14/16	19/19	0.894
Duration of jaundice in d, mean ± SD	15.0 ± 2.0	14.7 ± 1.5	15.5 ± 2.0	14.9 ± 2.6	14.3 ± 1.1	0.250
Total serum bilirubin in mg/dL, mean ± SD	11.3 ± 4.6	12.4 ± 4.5	12.3 ± 4.2	10.1 ± 5.3	10.5 ± 4.2	0.092
Cholangitis before the procedure	19 (14.2)	6 (17.6)	4 (12.5)	4 (13.3)	5 (13.2)	0.928
T stage
T2	6 (4.6)	1 (2.9)	1 (3.1)	2 (6.7)	2 (5.3)	0.985
T3	78 (58.2)	19 (55.9)	19 (59.4)	18 (60.0)	22 (57.9)
T4	50 (37.3)	14 (41.2)	12 (37.5)	10 (33.3)	14 (36.8)
N stage
N0	8 (6.7)	3 (8.8)	2 (6.3)	3 (10.0)	1 (2.6)	0.922
N1	97 (72.4)	24 (70.6)	24 (75.0)	19 (63.3)	30 (78.9)
N2	11 (8.2)	3 (8.8)	2 (6.3)	4 (13.3)	2 (5.3)
Nx	17 (12.7)	4 (11.8)	4 (12.5)	4 (13.3)	5 (13.2)
М stage
М0	64 (47.8)	14(41.2)	18 (56.3)	16 (53.3)	16 (42.1)	0.858
М1	53 (39.6)	15 (44.1)	11 (34.4)	10 (33.3)	17 (44.7)
Мх	17 (12.7)	5 (14.7)	3 (9.4)	4 (13.3)	5 (13.2)
Grade
ІІВ	4 (3.0)	1 (2.9)	1 (3.1)	2 (6.7)	0 (0.0)	0.760
ІІІ	47 (35.1)	12 (35.3)	13 (40.6)	10 (33.3)	12 (31.6)
ІV	83 (61.9)	21 (61.8)	18 (56.3)	18 (60.0)	26 (68.4)
Tumour etiology
Pancreatic cancer	92 (68.7)	23 (67.6)	23 (71.9)	19 (63.3)	27 (71.1)	0.757
Cholangiocarcinoma	25 (18.7)	7 (20.6)	5 (15.6)	7 (23.3)	6 (15.8)
Ampullary cancer	14 (10.4)	2 (5.9)	3 (9.4)	4 (13.3)	5 (13.2)
Metastatic nodes	3 (2.2)	2 (5.9)	1 (3.1)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)

ERBS: Endoscopic retrograde biliary stenting; IEBJD: Internal-external biliary-jejunal drainage; IETBD: Internal-external transpapillary biliary drainage; PTBD: Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage.