©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Apr 27, 2023; 15(4): 553-565
Published online Apr 27, 2023. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v15.i4.553
Published online Apr 27, 2023. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v15.i4.553
Table 1 Underlying pathological conditions
| Pathological conditions | |
| Trauma[21,64-67] | Blunt/penetrating abdominal trauma |
| Surgical anastomosis or bypass | |
| Mechanical[68] | Pyloric obstruction or stenosis |
| Duodenal obstruction or stenosis | |
| Bowel obstruction (volvulus, carcinoma, malrotation, intussusception) | |
| Autoimmune[69-71] | Lupus enteritis |
| Celiac sprue | |
| Polymyositis | |
| Dermatomyositis | |
| Polyarteritis nodosa | |
| Mixed connective tissue diseases | |
| Graft versus host disease | |
| Primary immunodeficiency | |
| Malignancies[15] | Gastrointestinal cancer |
| Leukemia | |
| Lymphoma | |
| Other malignancies | |
| Inflammation[14,72] | Inflammatory bowel disease |
| Appendicitis | |
| Diverticulitis | |
| Cholelithiasis | |
| Sarcoidosis | |
| Vascular conditions[73] | Ischemia or infarction |
| Diabetes | |
| Pulmonary disease[74,75] | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| Cystic fibrosis | |
| Asthma | |
| Drugs[13,19,76-79] | Corticosteroids |
| Chemotherapy and immunotherapy | |
| Immunosuppression | |
| Lactulose | |
| Trichloroethylene | |
| Sorbitol | |
| Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor | |
| Practolol | |
| Diagnostic/therapeutic procedures[80,81] | Endoscopy |
| Enema/colon idrotherapy | |
| Barium studies | |
| Connective tissue disease/neurological[82,83] | Scleroderma |
| Multiple sclerosis | |
| Hirschsprung disease | |
| Quadriplegia | |
| Amyloidosis | |
| Other conditions[17,84] | Hemodialysis |
| Pseudo-obstruction | |
| Whipple disease | |
| Cytomegalovirus infection | |
| COVID-19 infection |
- Citation: Tropeano G, Di Grezia M, Puccioni C, Bianchi V, Pepe G, Fico V, Altieri G, Brisinda G. The spectrum of pneumatosis intestinalis in the adult. A surgical dilemma. World J Gastrointest Surg 2023; 15(4): 553-565
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9366/full/v15/i4/553.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v15.i4.553