Compliance with enhanced recovery after surgery predicts long-term outcome after hepatectomy for cholangiocarcinoma

Table 3 Postoperative outcomes

Variable	n (%) or mean (95%CI)				P value1
	ERAS < 50 (n = 102)		ERAS ≥ 50 (n = 14)
Overall morbidity	51	50.0%	4	28.6%	0.132
Hepatobiliary complications					0.281
Post-hepatectomy liver failure	14	13.7%	0	0%
Bile leakage	4	3.9%	0	0%
Stricture/cholangitis	1	0.9%	0	0%
Transient hyperbilirubinemia	9	8.8%	0	0%
General complications
Wound complications	18	18.8%	0	0%	0.076
Pulmonary complications	9	8.8%	2	14.3%	0.513
Cardiac complication	5	4.9%	0	0%	0.397
Acute kidney injury	2	1.9%	0	0	0.597
Post-operative stay (d)	13.7	12.2-15.2	8.9	7.3-10.4	0.022
Cholesterol
Postoperative day 1	131.5	123.9-138.9	151.1	141.2-160.9	0.057
Postoperative day 3	107.3	101.5-113.1	127.7	116.7-138.7	0.013
Postoperative day 5	96.6	90.8-102.5	118.1	109.1-127.2	0.009
Serum albumin
Postoperative day 1	3.0	2.9-3.1	3.1	2.9-3.3	0.271
Postoperative day 3	2.9	2.8-2.9	3.0	2.9-3.2	0.224
Postoperative day 5	2.8	2.7-2.9	2.9	2.8-3.1	0.425
Total bilirubin
Postoperative day 1	3.2	2.4-3.9	1.6	1.1-2.2	0.142
Postoperative day 3	2.7	2.1-3.4	1.4	0.9-2.0	0.171
Postoperative day 5	2.8	2.0-3.5	1.3	0.9-1.6	0.157
Alanine aminotransferase
Postoperative day 1	294.9	242.6-347.2	231.1	166.9-295.3	0.376
Postoperative day 3	169.4	142.6-196.3	177.6	124.1-231.1	0.829
Postoperative day 5	89.7	74.5-104.9	97.1	72.5-121.8	0.726
Aspartate aminotransferase
Postoperative day 1	386.5	323.4-449.7	285.2	196.4-373.9	0.247
Postoperative day 3	169.4	142.6-196.3	177.6	124.1-231.1	0.829
Postoperative day 5	89.7	74.5-104.9	97.1	72.5-121.8	0.726
International normalized ratio (PT/INR)
Postoperative day 1	1.27	1.2-1.35	1.27	1.18-1.35	0.939
Postoperative day 3	1.42	1.37-1.47	1.34	1.24-1.45	0.293
Postoperative day 5	1.39	1.3-1.49	1.26	1.17 -1.35	0.295
Postoperative mortality
30 d	0	0%	0	0%
60 d	3	2.9%	0	0%
Survival (95%CI)					0.019
Median (d)	1257	853.2-1660.8	Not reached
1-yr survival	77.5%	63.1-89.1	100%
3-yr survival	50.9%	37.1-67.9	85.7	53.9-96.2

¹P < 0.05 by chi squared or t-test where appropriate.

ERAS: Enhanced recovery program after surgery; CI: Confidence interval; PT: Prothrombin time; INR: International normalized ratio.