Vascular injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: An often-overlooked complication

Table 1 Summary of risk factors associated to vascular injuries

Anatomical factors	Description
Common vascular variants of cystic artery and right hepatic artery	Single cystic artery[6]
	Two arteries (superficial and deep)[6]
	Single short cystic artery originated from caterpillar right hepatic artery[4,5,10]
	Long single cystic artery not from right hepatic artery crossing anterior to the common hepatic duct[7,8]
	Double cystic artery/accessory cystic artery[9]
	Cystic artery seen more anteriorly than posteriorly in relation to Mascagni’s lymph node[7,9]
	A constant vessel found on the postero-lateral margin of gallbladder bed[6,9]
	Cystic artery coming from gastroduodenal artery, passing outside Calot’s triangle[6,9]
Patient-related factors	Overweight and pathological obesity[1]
	History of biliary surgery or endoscopic procedures[1]
	Underlying liver disease[1]
Gallbladder pathology	Acute or chronic cholecystitis[1-3]
	Gallbladder anomalies (gallbladder duplication, gallbladder agenesia, left-side gallbladder)[1-3]
Surgical experience	Learning curve[1,2]
	Inadequate exposure[1,2,6]
	Failure to recognize anatomical landmarks[2,6]