Analysis of textbook outcomes for ampullary carcinoma patients following pancreaticoduodenectomy

Table 2 Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses of clinicopathological factors for overall survival

Characteristic	Univariable analysis		Multivariable analysis
	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
Textbook outcome
No	Reference		Reference
Yes	0.598 (0.383-0.934)	0.024	0.443 (0.276-0.711)	0.001
Year of surgery
1998-2010	Reference
2011-2020	1.095 (0.767-1.562)	0.619
Sex
Male	Reference
Female	0.914 (0.641-1.303)	0.619
Age (yr)
≤ 60	Reference
> 60	1.254 (0.875-1.797)	0.218
Operation time (h)
≤ 6	Reference
> 6	1.259 (0.861-1.839)	0.235
Blood transfusion
No	Reference
yes	0.998 (0.702-1.417)	0.990
Tumor size (cm)
≤ 2.0	Reference		Reference
> 2.0	1.396 (0.985-1.978)	0.061	1.327 (0.919-1.917)	0.131
Differentiation
Poor	Reference		Reference
Moderate	1.077 (0.730-1.588)	0.709	1.243 (0.830-1.863)	0.291
Well	0.644 (0.389-1.065)	0.086	1.026 (0.563-1.868)	0.934
CA199
0-40	Reference		Reference
> 40	1.495 (1.010-2.213)	0.045	1.339 (0.885-2.026)	0.168
Unknown	1.393 (0.741-2.619)	0.303	2.022 (1.025-3.990)	0.042
N stage
N0	Reference		Reference
N1	1.939 (1.303-2.886)	0.001	1.872 (1.178-2.977)	0.008
N2	2.077 (1.002-4.305)	0.049	1.850 (0.856-4.002)	0.118
T stage
T1	Reference		Reference
T2	1.092 (0.616-1.936)	0.764	0.824 (0.441-1.542)	0.546
T3	2.230 (1.309-3.799)	0.003	1.469 (0.771-2.799)	0.243
Lymphovascular invasion
No	Reference		Reference
Yes	1.528 (1.026-2.275)	0.037	1.252 (0.797-1.966)	0.330
Adjuvant treatment
No	Reference
Yes	1.082 (0.624-1.876)	0.780
Unknown	0.886 (0.548-1.431)	0.620

95%CI: 95% Confidence interval; HR: Hazard ratio.