Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Dec 27, 2022; 14(12): 1363-1374
Published online Dec 27, 2022. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v14.i12.1363
Table 3 Univariate analysis of predictors associated with enteral feeding intolerance
Variables
EFI group, n = 77
Non-EFI group, n = 126
Statistics
P value
Age in yr, mean ± SD64.55 ± 15.8669.06 ± 14.31t = 2.0910.038
Sex, n (%)χ2 = 1.9190.166
    Male55 (71.4)78 (61.9)
    Female22 (28.6)48 (38.1)
Diabetes, n (%)20 (26.0)33 (26.2)χ2 = 0.0010.973
Abdominal surgery, n (%)9 (11.7)21 (16.7)χ2 = 0.9410.332
GI disease, n (%)15 (19.5)37 (29.4)χ2 = 2.4510.117
Head injury, n (%)14 (18.2)18 (14.3)χ2 = 0.5460.460
Sepsis, n (%)5 (6.5)12 (9.5)χ2 = 0.5720.449
Trauma, n (%)3 (3.9)8 (6.3)0.539
Analgesic, n (%)33 (42.9)49 (38.9)χ2 = 0.3130.576
Sedative, n (%)49 (63.6)58 (46.0)χ2 = 5.9420.015
Catecholamines, n (%)22 (28.6)26 (20.6)χ2 = 1.6670.197
Early feeding, n (%)42 (54.5)88 (69.8)χ2 = 4.8560.028
Feeding volume in mL1000 (500, 1500)1000 (500, 1400)Z = -0.4950.620
Feeding speed in mL/h80 (50, 100)80 (50, 100)Z = -0.2200.826
Mechanical ventilation, n (%)
    Before EN started54 (70.1)60 (47.6)χ2 = 9.8370.002
    When EN started54 (70.1)64 (50.8)χ2 = 7.3420.007
Abnormal level of albumin, n (%)
    Diagnosis with hypoproteinemia1 (1.3)4 (3.2)0.652
    Albumin before EN14 (18.2)21 (16.7)χ2 = 0.0770.782
    Albumin when EN started1 (1.3)6 (4.8)0.257
Abnormal level of electrolytes, n (%)
    Diagnosis with electrolyte disorders5 (6.5)12 (9.5)χ2 = 0.5720.449
Before EN started, n (%)
    Potassium32 (41.6)45 (35.7)χ2 = 0.6930.405
    Sodium38 (49.4)49 (38.9)χ2 = 2.1360.144
    Chlorine54 (70.1)88 (69.8)χ2 = 0.0020.965
    Magnesium53 (68.8)81 (64.3)χ2 = 0.4400.507
    Calcium69 (89.6)118 (93.7)χ2 = 1.0750.300
    Phosphorus55 (71.4)77 (61.1)χ2 = 2.2370.135
When EN started, n (%)
    Potassium14 (18.2)22 (17.5)χ2 = 0.0170.896
    Sodium32 (41.6)33 (26.2)χ2 = 5.1860.023
    Chlorine55 (71.4)76 (60.3)χ2 = 2.5780.108
    Magnesium38 (49.4)59 (46.8)χ2 = 0.1220.727
    Calcium69 (89.6)113 (89.7)χ2 = 0.0000.987
    Phosphorus43 (55.8)63 (50.0)χ2 = 0.6540.419
Feeding formula, n (%)χ2 = 10.8610.048
    Rice soup10 (13.0)5 (4.0)
    Peptisorb14 (18.2)39 (31.0)
    Nutrison Fibre15 (19.5)33 (26.2)
    TPF-D124 (31.2)32 (25.4)
    TPF-T23 (3.9)2 (1.6)
    Water11 (14.3)15 (11.9)