Assessment of tumor markers CA 19-9, CEA, CA 125, and CA 242 for the early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of gallbladder cancer

Table 7 Performance of combination of markers for predicting gallbladder cancer

Variable	Sensitivity, %	Specificity, %	PPV, %	NPV, %
Combination of any 2 markers	63.5	95.0	84.6	85.7
Combination of markers CA 19-9 and CA 242, n = 26	83.2	93.3	96.2	83.5
Combination of ≥ 3 markers	35.0	100.0	100.0	69.8

Any two markers: CA 19 -9 and CA 242 (n = 26); CA 19-9 and CEA (n = 3); CA 19-9 and CA 125 (n = 2); CEA and CA 242 (n = 7); CA 125 and CA 242 (n = 1). CA 19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; CA 125: Carbohydrate antigen 125; CA 242: Carbohydrate antigen 242; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; NPV: Negative predictive value; PPV: Positive predictive value.