Current trends in three-dimensional visualization and real-time navigation as well as robot-assisted technologies in hepatobiliary surgery

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery

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1948-9366

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastrointest Surg. Sep 27, 2021; 13(9): 904-922
Published online Sep 27, 2021. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v13.i9.904

Table 2 Advantages and current limitations of existing three-dimensional printing

Advantages	Limitations
(1) Realistic spatially dissected views	(1) Time-consuming production
(2) Intuitive real-time navigation for rapid identification and location	(2) Rigid model with poor soft tissue compliance
(3) Improved surgical safety	(3) Fragility
(4) Less time consumed and fewer complications	(4) High cost
(5) Novel educational techniques	(5) Issues of specificity, safety, and sustainability of implantable 3D-printed products

3D: Three-dimensional.

Citation: Wang Y, Cao D, Chen SL, Li YM, Zheng YW, Ohkohchi N. Current trends in three-dimensional visualization and real-time navigation as well as robot-assisted technologies in hepatobiliary surgery. World J Gastrointest Surg 2021; 13(9): 904-922
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9366/full/v13/i9/904.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v13.i9.904

Wang Y, Cao D, Chen SL, Li YM, Zheng YW, Ohkohchi N. Current trends in three-dimensional visualization and real-time navigation as well as robot-assisted technologies in hepatobiliary surgery. World J Gastrointest Surg 2021; 13(9): 904-922 [PMID: 34621469 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v13.i9.904]

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