Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Sep 27, 2021; 13(9): 904-922
Published online Sep 27, 2021. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v13.i9.904
Table 1 Three-dimensional visualization and robot-assisted surgery in recent years
Surgical siteSample sizePatient type of diseaseImaging systemsIncidence of complications (%)Summary of technologyRef.
3D visualizationBile duct department1Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma combined with paracolic bile ductSynapse Vincent0Accuracy and reliabilityMiyamoto et al[15], 2014
Hepatic portal47Type-III cholangiocarcinoma of the porta hepatisMI-3DVSSafety, effectiveness, and feasibilityZeng et al[16], 2016
Liver120Hepatocellular carcinoma, bile duct cancer, liver transplantationSynapse Vincent10.8Time savingsNakayama et al[13], 2017
Pancreas64Pancreatic cancer, biliary tract cancer, neuroendocrine tumors, IPMNSynapse Vincent14Safety, effectiveness, and feasibilityMiyamoto et al[100], 2018
Pancreas44Pancreatic cancerMVTSafety, effectiveness, and feasibilityLin et al[17], 2020
Robot-assistedMajor and minor liver resections40Hemangioma, HCC, hydatid cyst, cholangiocarcinomada Vinci Surgical System12.5Safety and feasibilityTroisi et al[37], 2013
Major liver resection25Fatty liver, hepatic hemangioma, giant adenoma, HCC, secondary liver carcinomada Vinci Surgical System9.3Safety and feasibilitySpampinato et al[33], 2014
Wedge resection of the liver20HCC, secondary liver carcinoma, hepatic hemangioma, liver stonesda Vinci Surgical System9.5Safety and feasibilityFelli et al[47], 2015
Cholecystectomy38Benign biliary diseaseda Vinci Surgical System0Safety and effectivenessGustafson et al[51], 2016
Cholecystectomy1833Benign gallbladder diseaseda Vinci Surgical System, Zeus system, AESPO9.3No superiority over laparoscopyHan et al[101], 2018
Major and minor liver resections1312Liver tumorsda Vinci Surgical System17.8No superiority over laparoscopyZhang et al[2], 2020