Current and future role of three-dimensional modelling technology in rectal cancer surgery: A systematic review

Table 3 Details of the three-dimensional model creation process

Study	3D model	Radiological modality	Segmentation	Segmentation performed by	Segmentation time	3D Printing time	3D printing material
Kontovounisios et al[10]	Virtual	MRI	Manual	No data	No data	NA	NA
Hamabe et al[11]	Printed	CT	Manual	Colorectal Surgeon and Technician	40 h	M – 37 h 30 min; F – 34 h 20 min	Ultraviolet-curated resin
Sahnan et al[12]	Virtual	MRI	Manual	Consultant gastrointestinal radiologist	Segmentation: 15 minSmoothing: 10 min	NA	NA
Przedlacka et al[13]	Virtual	MRI	Manual	No data	No data	NA	NA
Garcia-Granero et al[14]	Virtual	MRI	3D-IPR	No data	No data	NA	NA
Garcia-Granero et al[15]	Virtual	MRI	3D-IPR	No data	No data	NA	NA
Sueda et al[16]	Virtual	CT	No data	No data	No data	NA	NA
Chen et al[17]	Virtual	CT/MRI	No data	No data	No data	NA	NA
Kim et al[18]	Virtual	CT	No data	No data	No data	NA	NA
Hojo et al[19]	Virtual/printed	CT	Manual	Colorectal surgeon	No data	40 h (decreased with experience)	No data
Horie et al[20]	Virtual	CT	No data	No data	No data	NA	NA
Hojo et al[21]	Virtual	No data	No data	No data	No data	No data	NA
Nijkamp et al[22]	Virtual	CT	Automatic (bones); Semi-automatic (arteries); Manual (other structures)	No data	1-3 h		NA
Hassinger et al[23]	Virtual	CT/MRI	No data	No data	No data		NA
Hojo et al[24]	Virtual/Printed	CT	No data	Colorectal Surgeon and Radiologist	No data	22 h
Brannigan et al[25]	Virtual	CT	Semi-automatic	No data	No data	NA	NA

MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; CT: Computed tomography; 3D-IPR: Three-dimensional image processing and reconstruction.