Preoperative serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels predict early recurrence after the resection of early-stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Table 3 Comparisons between the early and non-early recurrence group

Factors	Early recurrence, n (%)	Non-early recurrence, n (%)	P value
	N = 98 (24.1%)	N = 309 (75.9%)
Age in yr			0.21
<65	51 (52.0)	183 (59.2)
≥ 65	47 (48.0)	126 (40.8)
Sex			0.261
Male	59 (60.2)	166 (53.7)
Female	39 (39.8)	143 (46.3)
Tumor size, median in cm			0.001
< 2.5	23 (23.5)	129 (41.7)
≥ 2.5	75 (76.5)	180 (58.3)
RM			0.555
Negative	82 (83.7)	266 (86.1)
Positive	16 (16.3)	43 (13.9)
Tumor location			0.712
Head/uncinate	63 (64.3)	191 (62.2)
Neck/body/tail	35 (35.7)	116 (37.8)
Differentiation			0.002
Well	9 (9.2)	51 (16.5)
Moderate	65 (66.3)	223 (72.2)
Poor	22 (22.4)	32 (10.4)
Preoperative CA 19-9 in U/mL			0.004
Normal	28 (28.6)	139 (45.0)
Abnormal	70 (71.4)	170 (55.0)
LVi			0.125
No	57 (58.2)	206 (66.7)
Yes	41 (41.8)	103 (33.3)
PNi			0.516
No	24 (24.5)	86 (27.8)
Yes	74 (75.5)	223 (72.2)
NLR			0.768
< 2	60 (61.2)	184 (59.5)
≥ 2	38 (38.8)	125 (40.5)
Adj. CTx.			0.058
No	45 (45.9)	109 (35.3)
Yes	53 (54.1)	200 (64.7)
Recurrence pattern			0.121
Local	26 (26.5)	73 (35.4)
Systemic	72 (73.5)	133 (64.6)

Adj. CTx.: Adjuvant chemotherapy; CA 19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; LVi: Lymphovascular invasion; N: Total number of patients; NLR: Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; PNi: Perineural invasion; RM: Resection margin.