Research progress regarding programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 inhibitors combined with targeted therapy for treating hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 2 Grade 3/4 adverse events in combination therapy groups

Combination therapy group	Phase	Grade 3/4 adverse events (%)
Lenvatinib + pembrolizumab group (n = 100)	Ib	Hypertension (17), AST increased (11), diarrhea (5), asthenia (5), fatigue (4)
Lenvatinib + nivolumab group (n = 30)	Ib	Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (56.7), dysphonia (53.3)
Avelumab + axitinib group (n = 22)	Ib	Hypertension (50.0), HFSR (22.7)
Pembrolizumab + regorafenib group (n = 36)	Ib	AST increase (19), ALT increase (14), hypertension (14), bilirubin increase (14), lipase increase (11)
Camrelizumab + apatinib group (n = 190)	II	Hypertension (34.2), gamma-glutamyltransferase increase (11.6), neutropenia (11.1)
Atezolizumab + bevacizumab group (n = 329)	III	Hypertension (15.2), AST increase (7.0), ALT increase (3.6), platelet count decrease (3.3), proteinuria (3.0)
Lenvatinib + pembrolizumab group	III	Ongoing
Camrelizumab + apatinib group	III	Ongoing
Cabozantinib + atezolizumab group	III	Ongoing

AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; HFSR: Hand–foot skin reaction.