Crucial anatomy and technical cues for laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair: Advanced manipulation for groin hernias in adults

Figure 10 Port placement. Placement of surgical ports recommended for transabdominal preperitoneal repair. Pneumoperitoneum is achieved through an umbilical port. Two working ports (3- and 5-mm ports) are placed, and forceps are inserted in each at adequate angles to the target site. The port at the side opposite the target site is set lower than the umbilicus. The 5-mm port is used by the dominant arm of the main surgeon.