Crucial anatomy and technical cues for laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair: Advanced manipulation for groin hernias in adults

Figure 4 Appropriate layer and adequate mesh placement during a transabdominal preperitoneal repair. Surgical mesh should be adequately placed in an appropriate layer to avoid hernia recurrence and bladder injury. The layer is dissected between the superficial parietal layer and deeper visceral layer (DVL) on the inner side, whereas it is dissected between the DVL and peritoneum on the outer side. DVL: Deeper visceral layer; SPL: Superficial parietal layer; VD: Vas deferens.