Conduit necrosis following esophagectomy: An up-to-date literature review

Table 3 Risk factors for gastric conduit necrosis

Patient factors	Technical Factors	Post-operative factors
Peripheral arterial disease	Twists in the gastric conduit	Post-operative hypotension and shock
Ischaemic heart disease	Tight hiatus	Vasoconstrictor use
Stenosis of the Coeliac trunk and Aorta[27]	Injury to the gastro-epiploic vessels
Cardiac failure/ impaired ejection fraction	Minimal access procedures[21]
Diabetes	Tacking sutures to the pre-vertebral fascia during transhiatal esophagectomy[22]
	Tight thoracic inlet when a neck anastomosis is performed
	Narrow gastric conduit