Enhanced recovery after surgery in emergency colorectal surgery: Review of literature and current practices

Table 1 Enhanced recovery after surgery elements used in 4 published trials comparing enhanced recovery after surgery vs non-enhanced recovery after surgery in emergency colorectal surgery

ERAS elements	Lohsiriwat[8]	Wisely et al[10]	Shida et al[11]	Shang et al[12]
Preoperative phase
Education and detailed counseling	Y	Y	Y	Y
Medical optimization		Y
No bowel preparation	Y	Y	Y	Y
No pre-anesthetic medication	Y	Y	Y	Y
Intraoperative phase
Use of epidural analgesia		Y	Y
Active warming	Y		Y	Y
Avoid sodium/fluid overload	Y	Y	Y	Y
Prophylaxis of nausea and vomiting	Y	Y		Y
No intraabdominal drainage	Y			Y
Postoperative phase
Opioid-sparing multimodal analgesia	Y	Y	Y	Y
Early removal of nasogastric tube	Y	Y	Y	Y
Early feeding	Y	Y	Y	Y
Early removal of urinary catheter	Y	Y	Y	Y
Use of laxatives		Y	Y	Y
Early mobilization	Y	Y	Y	Y

Y: Yes or applicable; ERAS: Enhanced recovery after surgery.