Surgical management of acute pancreatitis: Historical perspectives, challenges, and current management approaches

Figure 1 Etiologies and evolution of surgical management of acute pancreatitis. A: Key acute pancreatitis etiologies; B: Evolution of surgical management.

Figure 2 Local complications in acute pancreatitis. ANC: Acute necrotic collections; PFC: Peripancreatic fluid collections; WON: Walled-off necrosis.

Figure 3 Pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. Early activation of trypsinogen to trypsin in acinar cells triggers a cascade of pathogenic events, resulting in acute pancreatitis. AP: Acute pancreatitis; NF-kB: Nuclear factor kB.

Figure 4 Flow chart of surgical management of acute pancreatitis. AP: Acute pancreatitis.

Figure 5 Decision-making targets in the surgical management of acute pancreatitis (decision-making map). AP: Acute pancreatitis.

Figure 6  Year-wise growth in the number of publications on the surgical management of acute pancreatitis.