PCSK9 and carbohydrate metabolism: A double-edged sword

Table 2 Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors and diabetes mellitus: Results of the mendelian randomization studies

PCSK9 variants	Decrease in serum LDL cholesterol	Odds ratio for type 2 diabetes mellitus
rs 11591147[15]	1 mmol/L (38.4 mg/dL)	1.19 (95%CI: 1.02-1.38)
14 independent variants[16] (rs 11583680, rs 11591147, rs 2479109, rs 11206510)	1 mmol/L (38.4 mg/dL)	1.29 (95%CI: 1.11-1.50)
2Genetic score[17]	10 mg/dL	1.11 (95%CI: 1.04-1.19)

¹Associations with fasting glucose, body weight and waist-to-hip ratio were also noticed;

²The increased risk of diabetes was observed only in individuals with impaired fasting glucose levels. PCSK9: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; CI: Confidence interval.