Daily physical activity and type 2 diabetes: A review

Table 3 Clinical trials investigating the effects of walking on the risk of type 2 diabetes

Ref.	Study design	Subjects, follow-up time	Intervention	Results
Knowler et al[34]	Randomized clinical trial	3234 individuals with impaired glucose tolerance, 2.8 yr	A minimum of 150 min of physical activity similar intensity to brisk walking and 7% weight loss	58% reduction in the incidence rate of type 2 diabetes
Pan et al[35]	Randomized clinical trial	577 individuals with impaired glucose tolerance, 6 yr	At least 30 min/d of walking	46% reduction in the risk of developing diabetes
Kosaka et al[36]	Randomized clinical trial	458 men with impaired glucose tolerance, 4 yr	Recommendations for physical activity: walking 30-40 min/d, using staircase instead of an elevator or an escalator, 30-min cycling on weekends and getting off one bus stop before the destination	67.4% reduction in the risk of developing diabetes