Exercise guidelines for gestational diabetes mellitus

Table 2 Absolute and relative contraindications for exercise during pregnancy[75,82]

Absolute contraindications	Relative contraindications (aerobic exercise)
Restrictive lung disease	Heavy smoking
Ruptures membranes	History of extremely sedentary lifestyle
Preeclampsia	Orthopaedic limitations
Pregnancy-induced hypertension	Poorly controlled hypertension
Premature labour during current pregnancy	Extreme morbid obesity
Persistent bleeding (second or third trimester)	Extremely underweight (BMI < 12 kg/m2)
Incomplete cervix or cerclage	Poorly controlled type 1 diabetes
Placenta previa (placental implanting into lower uterus) after 26 wk of gestation	Chronic bronchitis
Hemodynamically significant heart disease	Severe anaemia
High order multiple gestation (≥ triplets)	Unevaluated maternal cardiac arrhythmia
	Intrauterine growth restriction in current pregnancy Poorly controlled seizure disorder Poorly controlled hyperthyroidism Previous spontaneous abortion Anaemia (hb < 100 g/L) Twin pregnancy after 28 wk Malnutrition or eating disorder

BMI: Body mass index.