New-onset diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation: Current status and future directions

Table 1 Risk factors for new-onset diabetes after transplantation

Non-modifiable	Modifiable
Advanced age	Obesity
African American, Hispanic, or South Asian descent	Sedentary lifestyle
Genetic, e.g., HLA B27	Metabolic syndrome
Adult polycystic kidney disease	Viral infections, e.g., HCV, cytomegalovirus
Previous glucose intolerance, e.g., during pregnancy, steroid therapy for renal or non-renal disease	Corticosteroids
Male donor	Calcineurin-inhibitors (tacrolimus > cyclosporine)
Deceased donor	Sirolimus
	Acute rejection

HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HLA: Human leukocyte antigen.