©The Author(s) 2015.
World J Diabetes. Nov 25, 2015; 6(16): 1312-1322
Published online Nov 25, 2015. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i16.1312
Published online Nov 25, 2015. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i16.1312
Table 1 Care parameters for basic treatment of uncomplicated diabetes and for the treatment of chronic and acute complications
| Medical conditions | Care component | Guidelines |
| Uncomplicated diabetes | ||
| Consultation of diabetes specialist or a general practitioner | 4/yr | |
| Fasting glucose test | 4/yr | |
| Urine glucose test | 6/yr | |
| Glycated hemoglobin | 2/yr | |
| Proteinuria test | 1/yr | |
| Blood lipid test TG, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol | 1/yr | |
| Electrocardiogram | 1/yr | |
| Chest X-ray | 1/yr | |
| Ophthalmology consult | 1/yr | |
| Oral hypoglycemic agents | ||
| Glibenclamide 5 mg OR in combination with metformin | 3 tablets/d | |
| Metformin® 500 mg | 3 tablets/d | |
| Glucophage® 850 mg OR in combination with Amarel® | 3 tablets/d | |
| Amarel® 4 mg | 1 tablet/d | |
| For insulin users | ||
| Syringes | 1/wk (min)-1/d (max) | |
| Insulin | 30 UI (min) et 60 UI (max)/d | |
| Strips for blood glucose control | 1 strip/d (min) | |
| 3 strips/d (max) | ||
| Glucometer | 1 (Duration: 2 yr) | |
| Chronic complications | ||
| Proliferative retinopathy | ||
| Consultation in ophthalmology | 3/yr | |
| Retinography | 1/yr | |
| Laser photocoagulation | 1/yr | |
| Overt nephropathy | ||
| Consultation in nephrology | 2/yr | |
| Blood creatinine test | 2/yr | |
| Serum protein test | 2/yr | |
| Serum electrolytes test (sodium, potassium) | 2/yr | |
| Urinary electrolytes test (sodium, potassium) | 2/yr | |
| Urine creatinine test | 2/yr | |
| Proteinuria | 2/yr | |
| Hemogram | 2/yr | |
| Urine bacteriology | 4/yr | |
| Urine culture (ECBU) | 1/yr | |
| Antiplatelet drugs | ||
| Aspirin® 100 mg OR | 1 tablet/d | |
| Plavix® 75 mg | 1 tablet/d | |
| Antihypertensive (ARA2) | ||
| Valsartan® 80 mg | 1 tablet/d | |
| Diuretics: | ||
| Laxilix® 40 mg OR | 3 tablets/d | |
| Laxilix® special 500 mg | Half tablet/d | |
| Calcium carbonate (added to antiplatelet therapy, maximum cost) | 2 tablets/d | |
| Statin (added to antiplatelet therapy, maximum cost) | 1 tablet/d | |
| Renal failure | ||
| Dialysis | 2 session/wk | |
| Potex® 4000 UI (EPO) | 50 UI/kg weight (max) | |
| 2 sessions/wk | ||
| Calcium carbonate 500 mg | 1.5 g or 3 tablets/d (max) | |
| Ischemic heart disease | ||
| Consultation in cardiology | 2/an | |
| Antiplatelet drugs | See under nephropathy | |
| Statins | ||
| Simvastatin (Zocor®) OR | 1 tablet/d | |
| Atorvastatin (Tahor®) | 1 tablet/d | |
| Exercise electrocardiogram testing | 1/yr | |
| Echo doppler | 1/yr | |
| Cardiac ultrasound | 1/yr | |
| Coronarography | 1/yr | |
| Hypertension | ||
| Consultation in cardiology | 1/yr | |
| Antihypertensive drugs (ACEI) | ||
| Captopril® 25 mg OU | 3 tablets/d | |
| Ramipril® 5 mg | 1 tablet/d | |
| Diuretics | See under nephropathy | |
| Aggregation inhibitors | See under nephropathy | |
| Semi quantitative urine protein test | 2/yr | |
| Blood creatinine test | 2/yr | |
| Proteinemia | 2/yr | |
| Blood electrolytes test (Na, K, Ca) | 2/an | |
| Stroke (chronic phase) | ||
| Consultation in cardiology | 2/yr | |
| Antiplatelet drugs | See under nephropathy | |
| Diabetic foot | ||
| Consultation in podiatry | 1/yr | |
| Arteriography of the lower limbs | 1/yr | |
| Physiotherapy sessions | 10-20 sessions/yr | |
| Echo doppler | 1/yr | |
| Statins | See under ischemic heart disease | |
| Antiplatelet drugs | 1 tablet/d | |
| Orthopedic shoes | 2 pairs/yr | |
| Acute complications | ||
| Ketoacidosis | ||
| Hospitalization | 7 d | |
| Blood glucose test | Done once during hospitalization | |
| Glycated hemoglobin | Done once during hospitalization | |
| Hemogram | Done once during hospitalization | |
| Blood lipids test | Done once during hospitalization | |
| Blood electrolytes test (Na, K) | Done once during hospitalization | |
| Blood creatinine test | Done once during hospitalization | |
| Blood urea test | Done once during hospitalization | |
| Electrocardiogram | Done once during hospitalization | |
| Chest X- ray | Done once during hospitalization | |
| Echo doppler | Done once during hospitalization | |
| Keto-Diastix® box of 50 strips (blood biology) | 3 times/d for 3 d | |
| Perfusion | 3 d | |
| Diabetic foot (acute) | ||
| Hospitalization | 90 d | |
| Antibiotics | ||
| Oxaciline® 500 mg | 4 tablets/d | |
| 3 wk of treatment without bone involvement (min); 10 wk when bone involved (max) | ||
| Vasodilator: Vastarel® 35 mg | 2 tablets/d, 22 wk | |
| Biopsy | Done once during hospitalization | |
| Antibiogram | Done once during hospitalization | |
| Bone radiography | Done once during hospitalization | |
| Vascular ultrasound | Done once during hospitalization | |
| Dressings | 1/wk, 22 wk | |
| Foot surgery | ||
| Minor surgery (56%) | ||
| Major surgery, amputation (44%) | ||
| Prosthesis | ||
| End stage renal disease | ||
| Hospitalization | 30 d | |
| Ultrasound | Done once during hospitalization | |
| Electrolytes blood test (Na, K) | Done once during hospitalization | |
| Creatinine blood test | Done once during hospitalization | |
| Proteinemia | Done once during hospitalization | |
| Stroke | ||
| Hospitalization | 18 d | |
| Vasodilatator: Vastarel® 35 mg | 2 tablets/d, 18 d | |
| Anticoagulants | 1 tablet/d, 18 d | |
| Rehabilitation/physical therapy | 18 d | |
- Citation: Alouki K, Delisle H, Besançon S, Baldé N, Sidibé-Traoré A, Drabo J, Djrolo F, Mbanya JC, Halimi S. Simple calculator to estimate the medical cost of diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa. World J Diabetes 2015; 6(16): 1312-1322
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v6/i16/1312.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v6.i16.1312