Literature review on the management of diabetic foot ulcer

Table 2 Common offloading techniques

Technique	Casting techniques	Footwear related techniques	Surgical offloading techniques	Other techniques
Examples	TCC (Figure 3)	Shoes or half shoes (Figure 7)	ATL	Bed rest
	iTCC (Figure 5)	Sandals	Liquid silicone injections/tissue augmentation	Crutches/Canes/Wheelchairs
	RCW (Figure 4)	Insoles	Callus debridement	Bracing (patella tendon bearing, ankle-foot orthoses)
	Scotch-cast boots (Figure 6)	In-shoe orthoses	Metatarsal head resection osteotomy/arthroplasty/os ectomy/ exostectomy	Walkers
	Windowed casts	Socks	External fixation	Offloading dressings
	Custom splints			Felted foam/padding
				Plugs

Data adapted from Armstrong et al[82]. TCC: Total contact cast; iTCC: Instant TCC; RCW: Removable cast walkers; ATL: Achilles tendon lengthening.