Genetic polymorphisms of cytokine genes in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Table 3 Variants of Interleukin-6 gene and their association with type 2 diabetes and related complications in different populations

Gene variants (SNPs)	Diseases	Population- Ethnic groups	Association	Ref.
-174 G/C	T2DM and OGTT	Brazilian	S	[77]
	T2DM and IR	American	S	[78]
	T2DM and obesity	Polish	S	[79]
	T2DM and obesity	Mexican	NS	[80]
	T2DM	Indian	S	[81]
	T2DM	Finnish	NS	[82]
	T2DM and Obesity	Tunisian	S	[83]
	T2DM	Caucasian	S	[84]
	T2DM	German	S	[85]
	DM, micro-, macrovascular complications	Australian	NS	[29]
	-do-	German	NS	[86]
	T2DM and IR	Italian	S	[87]
	T2DM	KORA Survey	S	[88]
	T2DM	Framingham Heart Study	S	[89]
	T2DM	KORA Survey	S	[90]
	T2DM	Taiwanese	S	[91]
	T2DM	Nutrition-Potsdam cohort	S	[92]
	T2DM	Finnish	S	[93]
	T2DM	Native Americans, Spanish, Caucasians	S	[75]
	T2DM and IR	Spanish	S	[94]
	T2DM and PAD	Italian	S	[95]
	T2DM	KORA Survey	S	[76]
	DM and Periodontitis	Chinese	S	[96]
	T2DM and Endothelial Dysfunction	Chinese	S	[97]
	T2DM	21 studies	S	[71]
-174 G/C -597 A/G	T2DM	Boston	NS	[98]
GWS (18 SNPs)	T2DM	Canadian	S with Fasting	[99]
PREDIAN study	DN	Spanish	S	[100]
Five tagging SNPs	T2DM and Impaired Renal Function	Singaporean	S	[101]

S: Significant; NS: Non-significant; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes; PAD: Peripheral arterial disease; SNPs: Single nucleotide polymorphisms; OGTT: Oral glucose tolerance test; DM: Diabetes mellitus; IR: Insulin resistance; DN: Diabetic nephropathy.